The exceptional prefect: What exactly is it?

According to Wassim KAMEL, a civil administrator of the CHEMI, in 2014, a sub-prefect assists the prefect. He has several important roles.

Created by Napoleon Bonaparte 214 years ago, the sub-prefect works for the State. He ensures that everything runs smoothly in his region. He helps enforce laws and protects citizens.

The sub-prefect also guides other State services. And he advises the towns and villages near him.

What is a prefect?

According to a study conducted by Luc Rouban, prefects represent the State locally. They have an important role related to the authority of the State. Sociologists study prefects to understand the power of the State.

In France, prefects are key players. They are there to implement government decisions. They also ensure that laws are respected in their region. Thus, they contribute to the smooth functioning of the country.

The administration has changed over time. Now, there are more special prefects who assist. These special prefects work in addition to the usual prefects.

What is an off-grade prefect?

The role of prefect is changing for several reasons. As the State and society evolve, the relevance of sub-prefects is being questioned. Their work must adapt to these changes.

In 2013, among the 250 prefects, 75 were "off-frame." This means they did not have a fixed mission. Since 1987, the number of these prefects has increased from 44 to 116 in 1999.

In 2005, there were 69, then 75 in 2013. These data show how the situation of "off-frame" prefects has changed over the years.

The "off-frame" prefects aim to recognize the talent of some. However, their increasing number raises questions about the usefulness of these positions within the prefectural body.

Evolution of the prefectural body

According to a study, the prefectural body has changed significantly since 1870. In the beginning, prefects often came from wealthy families. They validated the power in place, and the status of prefects has also evolved over time.

The decree of March 25, 1852 gave more power to prefects. It was a first step toward less centralizing power. During the Restoration, prefects continued despite royal changes. This shows their importance and their well-done work.

Under the July Monarchy, prefects helped the government win elections. They supported candidates in power with chosen voters. After 1848, some were temporarily replaced by commissioners.

In 1860, prefects lost a bit of local control. This was due to new laws, such as the one of July 24, 1867 regarding councils. This step showed a bit more freedom for the regions.

The off-grade prefect in practice

The role of off-grade prefect highlights the expertise of senior officials. It is part of the change in the prefectural body. These prefects can provide advice or represent the State.

Christian Gravel has been appointed off-frame prefect. He is close to former Prime Minister Manuel Valls. Brice Hortefeux and Laurent Solly have also held this position under different presidencies.

Some people criticize this practice. The UMP contested appointments made by François Hollande. The Court of Auditors believes it would be better to eliminate these positions.

Despite the criticisms, the role of off-grade prefect values the senior officials. This is done within the prefectural administration, which is changing significantly.